Vacunas durante el embarazo

[Vaccines during pregnancy]

Paulino Emilio Vigil-De Gracia1

1. Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid, Caja de Seguro Social, Panamá, Rep. de Panamá.

Publicado: 2024-04-30

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Resumen

La respuesta a las vacunas durante el embarazo puede ser variable, sin embargo, no tenemos evidencia de un descenso en la efectividad de estas. Además, el efecto protector de las vacunas durante el embarazo ha sido documentado desde hace más de un siglo.

Las embarazadas son vulnerables a las infecciones por el virus de la gripe, presentando mayores tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Es recomendada la vacunación antigripal con vacuna inactivada no ayudada, preferentemente tetravalente, a todas las embarazadas en cualquier trimestre de gestación.

La infección por Bordetella Pertussis y especialmente en los menores de 3 meses es de gran riesgo. La vacunación durante el embarazo tiene como objetivos la protección del neonato durante los primeros meses de vida, mediante la transferencia pasiva de anticuerpos y evitar que la mujer adquiera la tosferina y contagie al neonato.

El embarazo es un factor de riesgo para una mayor gravedad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, por lo tanto, las embarazadas constituyen un grupo prioritario para la vacunación. La vacuna se debe ofrecer a las embarazadas igual que al resto de la población, ya que los beneficios de su administración muy probablemente superen los riesgos de padecer la infección. Es especialmente importante ofrecerla a las gestantes con comorbilidades.

Toda mujer embarazada debe ser asesorada sobre la importancia y beneficios de la vacunación en ellas y sus hijos. Hoy día están indicadas las vacunas contra influenza, la vacuna TDaP y la vacuna contra COVID-19.


Abstract

The response to vaccines during pregnancy can be variable, however, we have no evidence of a decrease in their effectiveness. Furthermore, the protective effect of vaccines during pregnancy has been documented for more than a century.

Pregnant women are vulnerable to influenza virus infections, presenting higher morbidity and mortality rates. Influenza vaccination with a non-adjuvanted inactivated vaccine, preferably quadrivalent, is recommended for all pregnant women in any trimester of pregnancy.

Infection by Bordetella Pertussis, especially in children under 3 months of age, is of great risk. Vaccination during pregnancy aims to protect the newborn during the first months of life, through the passive transfer of antibodies and to prevent the woman from acquiring whooping cough and infecting the newborn.

Pregnancy is a risk factor for greater severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, therefore, pregnant women constitute a priority group for vaccination. The vaccine should be offered to pregnant women just as it is to the rest of the population, since the benefits of its administration most likely outweigh the risks of suffering from the infection. It is especially important to offer it to pregnant women with comorbidities.

Every pregnant woman should be advised about the importance and benefits of vaccination for herself and her children. Today influenza vaccines, the TDaP vaccine and the COVID-19 vaccine are indicated.

Citas

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